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Thermal and energy analysis of a Chinese kang

Zhi ZHUANG, Yuguo LI, Xudong YANG, Bin CHEN, Jiaping LIU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 84-92 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0009-x

摘要： About 67million Chinese kangs are still used by about 175million people in China today. The kang utilizes biomass burning for space heating and hence reduces the use of commercial energy. However, the existing design of kangs is largely based on the accumulated experience of craftsmen, for lack of scientific studies and engineering design guidelines. Poor construction of kangs also leads to serious indoor air pollution. In this paper, a macroscopic smoke flow and heat transfer model of an elevated kang is integrated in a widely-used building energy analysis software in China–DeST, and the integrated software can be used for the thermal performance analysis of kang-integrated houses. A typical house with kangs in various villages of northern China is chosen as a case study. The annual performance of the kang under different insulations of building envelope and climatic conditions are discussed. Based on the simulation results, it is found that the thermal comfort requirement of the outside surface of the upper kang plate can be met by a proper construction of the kang and selection of the appropriate firing pattern. The better the insulation of the building envelope is or the better the room air tightness is, the greater the indoor air temperature rise and the greater the building heating load contribution of the kang. In the eight selected cities in northern China, the use of kang can meet 50%–80% of the house heating load.

关键词： Chinese kang elevated kang rural house thermal modeling building energy efficiency DeST

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Flow and thermal modeling of liquid metal in expanded microchannel heat sink

《能源前沿（英文）》页码 796-810 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0877-5

摘要： Liquid metal-based microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) suffer from the low heat capacity of coolant, resulting in an excessive temperature rise of coolant and heat sink when dealing with high-power heat dissipation. In this paper, it was found that expanded space at the top of fins could distribute the heat inside microchannels, reducing the temperature rise of coolant and heat sink. The orthogonal experiments revealed that expanding the top space of channels yielded similar temperature reductions to changing the channel width. The flow and thermal modeling of expanded microchannel heat sink (E-MCHS) were analyzed by both using the 3-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation and the 1-dimensional (1D) thermal resistance model. The fin efficiency of E-MCHS was derived to improve the accuracy of the 1D thermal resistance model. The heat conduction of liquid metal in Z direction and the heat convection between the top surface of fins and the liquid metal could reduce the total thermal resistance (R_t). The above process was effective for microchannels with low channel aspect ratio, low mean velocity (U_m) or long heat sink length. The maximum thermal resistance reduction in the example of this paper reached 36.0%. The expanded space endowed the heat sink with lower pressure, which might further reduce the pumping power (P). This rule was feasible both when fins were truncated (h₂ < 0, h₂ is the height of expanded channel for E-MCHS) and when over plate was raised (h₂ > 0).

关键词： liquid metal cooling heat sink expanded microchannel flow and thermal modeling

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Rural houses with appropriate strategies in northwest China: a practice of ecological houses in Ningxia

Qun ZHANG, Rui LIANG, Jiaping LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 483-489 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0092-4

摘要： The severe problem of rural vernacular houses in northwest china is low thermal comfortableness with high consumption of energy in winter. Under such circumstance, the appropriate technologies that create comfortable living environment under the inclement local weather by low cost should be encouraged. In Ningxia Province, Jianfuqiao village, the ecological technologies are presented. By comparing with traditional buildings, the testing and thermal environment analysis verified the effectiveness of the passive used solar technologies.

关键词： rural houses ecological technology thermal environment northwest China

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Key point selection in large-scale FBG temperature sensors for thermal error modeling of heavy-duty CNC

Jianmin HU, Zude ZHOU, Quan LIU, Ping LOU, Junwei YAN, Ruiya LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第4期页码 442-451 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0543-0

摘要： Thermal error is one of the main factors that influence the machining accuracy of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It is usually reduced by thermal error compensation. Temperature field monitoring and key temperature measurement point (TMP) selection are the bases of thermal error modeling and compensation for CNC machine tools. Compared with small- and medium-sized CNC machine tools, heavy-duty CNC machine tools require the use of more temperature sensors to measure their temperature comprehensively because of their larger size and more complex heat sources. However, the presence of many TMPs counteracts the movement of CNC machine tools due to sensor cables, and too many temperature variables may adversely influence thermal error modeling. Novel temperature sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are developed in this study. A total of 128 FBG temperature sensors that are connected in series through a thin optical fiber are mounted on a heavy-duty CNC machine tool to monitor its temperature field. Key TMPs are selected using these large-scale FBG temperature sensors by using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise algorithm to reduce the calculation workload and avoid problems in the coupling of TMPs for thermal error modeling. Back propagation neural network thermal error prediction models are established to verify the performance of the proposed TMP selection method. Results show that the number of TMPs is reduced from 128 to 5, and the developed model demonstrates good prediction effects and strong robustness under different working conditions of the heavy-duty CNC machine tool.

关键词： thermal error heavy-duty CNC machine tools FBG key TMPs prediction model

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Theoretical Analysis of Public Rental House Supply

Yue Teng,Bo Xu,Xiao Li,Ling Li,Xia-zhi Fang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 372-377 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014056

摘要： The public rental house (PRH) plays a significant role in our housing security system. Using the theory of public goods, both government and private enterprises have advantages and disadvantages in supplying the PRH. In order to optimize the present supply system of the PRH, this article introduces the delivery pattern of public and private partnerships (PPP) into the government allocation system, and improves it into public-intermediary-private-partnerships (PIPP), a new supply system through government, private enterprises and intermediary organization cooperation. It helps to better achieve the security role of the PRH in our society.

关键词： PIPP public rental house government supply PPP

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Modeling and optimization of an enhanced battery thermal management system in electric vehicles

Mao LI, Yuanzhi LIU, Xiaobang WANG, Jie ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第1期页码 65-75 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0520-z

摘要： This paper models and optimizes an air-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) in a battery module with 36 battery lithium-ion cells. A design of experiments is performed to study the effects of three key parameters (i.e., mass flow rate of cooling air, heat flux from the battery cell to the cooling air, and passage spacing size) on the battery thermal performance. Three metrics are used to evaluate the BTMS thermal performance, including (i) the maximum temperature in the battery module, (ii) the temperature uniformity in the battery module, and (iii) the pressure drop. It is found that (i) increasing the total mass flow rate may result in a more non-uniform distribution of the passage mass flow rate among passages, and (ii) a large passage spacing size may worsen the temperature uniformity on the battery walls. Optimization is also performed to optimize the passage spacing size. Results show that the maximum temperature difference of the cooling air in passages is reduced from 23.9 to 2.1 K by 91.2%, and the maximum temperature difference among the battery cells is reduced from 25.7 to 6.4 K by 75.1%.

关键词： thermal management electric vehicle lithium-ion battery temperature uniformity design optimization

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日本乡村规划建设治理研究

冯旭,王凯,马克尼

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 34-39 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.016

摘要：

本文对日本新版国土形成规划中的乡村定位，以及典型地区的乡村规划思路、建设内容、基层治理等进行了深入研究。日本乡村地区的规划与治理是在地方政府及村民自治会共同引导下，通过挖掘、发扬地域特色，实现对传统文化的保护、特色产业的振兴、乡村规划的编制、建设行为的管治。在未来乡村发展战略及建设重点、乡村规划编制目标与具体内容、乡村基层治理分工三个方面，对我国乡村规划建设与管理具有借鉴意义。

关键词：乡村发展战略乡村规划乡村建设乡村治理日本乡村

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Review of challenges and strategies for balanced urban–rural environmental protection in China

Beidou XI,Xiaoguang LI,Jixi GAO,Ying ZHAO,Hongliang LIU,Xunfeng XIA,Tianxue YANG,Lieyu ZHANG,Xuan JIA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 371-384 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0744-z

摘要： With the rise of environmentalism in China, great efforts have been devoted to environmental protection over the past several decades. Compared with urban environmental protection, rural environmental protection has not been attached enough importance in China due to the dual-track structure of socio-economic development. As a result, rural China is shouldering disproportionally heavy environmental burdens partly because of the differences and biases between urban and rural environmental protection seen in environmental policies, environmental rights and interests, environmental protection investment, and the environmental protection awareness of people. To eliminate the gap between rural and urban environmental protection, and achieve the goal of “balanced urban–rural environmental protection” (BUREP), government should consider mapping out proper policies and strategies. In this paper we put forward an innovative strategy of BUREP against the background of China’s urban-rural environmental protection. First, we review the current status of rural environmental protection status and its challenges compared with urban environmental protection in China. Secondly, we analyzed the main driving factors and reasons deeply, and then we put forward the BUREP strategy base on the unequal status between urban and rural environment. Finally, we proposed the framework of BUREP. This study may serve as a scientific reference regarding decision-making in coordinating urban and rural environmental protection and in constructing the new countryside of China.

关键词： urban environment rural environment balanced urban–rural environmental protection framework of balanced urban–rural environmental protection (BUREP)

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A comprehensive overview of rural solid waste management in China

Chao ZENG,Dongjie NIU,Youcai ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第6期页码 949-961 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0816-8

摘要： This paper aims to conduct a comprehensive review of rural solid waste (RSW) in terms of characteristics, management and legislation. Survey results show that RSW generation rates range from 0.25 to 2.1 kg·(capita·d) in different rural villages across regions of China. Total RSW generation has been increasing, which is far higher than official data in 2014. RSW are dominated by food residue and coal ash/cinder/dust (at approximately 70%). Most of RSW are still discarded randomly without any treatment in China. Scattered RSW generation sources, imperfect legislation system, poor infrastructure on treatment and disposal are identified as the biggest challenge for RSW management currently in China. To improve RSW management, increasing financial resources, establishing sorting collection and transportation network, promoting sorting collection and recycling, improving treatment technology are proposed as the possible solution.

关键词： rural solid waste characteristics management legislation China

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基于文化传承的微介入乡村规划策略研究

郭海鞍

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 27-33 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.019

摘要：

长期以来，乡村规划一直沿袭城市规划设计的体系，以总图或鸟瞰图来表达对乡村规划的成果。很多地方政府一轮一轮做规划，但乡村风貌的改善效果甚微，这是因为忽视了乡村内在的文化传承问题，忽视了文化价值观的内在作用。源于城市的规划设计方法不能草率地划定乡村生活，因此需要研究一种与乡村文化传承相适应的规划设计理论。微介入规划理论是针对文化引导下的乡村复兴规划策略，基于一种小微渐进的方法，逐步实现乡村的改造与复兴，这种策略在当今大拆大改气势正盛的新一轮乡村规划进程中，显得尤为重要。

关键词：乡村规划微介入规划推演、容错乡村文化乡村复兴

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Conservation and tourism development of house settlements in Moso matriarchate in Lugu Lake area

Yaoyun XING, Jian DAI, Zhujiu XIA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 204-210 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0017-2

摘要： This paper analyzes the present situation of the settlement and the influence of tourism development and construction. It discusses the attitude toward the conservation and development of the settlement as well as the way to maintain the production, life, and culture of the Mosian and the way to promote the sustainable development of the settlement by tourism.

关键词： Moso matriatchate home conservation of settlement tourism development

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土地工程与乡村可持续发展典型案例分析与研究

李玉恒 ,王永生,阎佳玉,龙花楼,刘彦随

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第2期页码 40-47 doi: 15302/J-SSCAE-2019.02.013

摘要：

关键词：土地工程乡村重构乡村振兴乡村弹性可持续发展

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Energy efficiency of rural residential buildings: a sustainable case study in Daping Village, Sichuan

Jiaping LIU, Rongrong HU, Liu YANG, Dalong LIU, Runshan WANG,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 117-121 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0081-2

摘要： A new type of rural residential building that is ecological, energy efficient and comfortable was designed. Research on the new building was sponsored by the Post-disaster Reconstruction Project in Daping Village, Sichuan Province. Based on field investigation and quantitative analysis, an appropriate design strategy and technology is presented, including climatic design strategies, local material use and building energy simulation.

关键词： rural residential building energy efficiency sustainability

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Effective interventions on health effects of Chinese rural elderly under heat exposure

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1545-4

摘要：

● Education and subsidy were effective interventions during short-term heat exposure.

关键词： High temperature Health effect Comprehensive evaluation Intervention Rural elderly

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Region-gridding recycling of bulk organic waste: Emerging views based on coordinated urban and rural

Wenbing Tan, Dongyu Cui, Xiaohui Zhang, Beidou Xi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1291-4

摘要： Abstract Bulk organic waste (BOW) has a large output in China. The improper disposal of BOW will not only bring serious environmental pollution, but also cause waste of biomass resources. The viewpoint proposes a region-gridding recycling management system of BOW that highlights the coordinated development of environmental, agricultural and energy elements in urban and rural areas. The viewpoint aims to drive the upstream and downstream industrial chains of BOW treatments, avoid the repeated construction of resource facilities, guide the upgrading of resource-based technologies, promote the professionalization of farmers, and thus built the high-quality modern agricultural recycling industrial park based on system management.

关键词： Bulk organic waste Recycling Urban-rural coordination Management system